Looking Back to Move Us Forward

Social Workers Deliver Justice as Human Rights Professionals

Authors

  • Shirley Gatenio Gabel Fordham University
  • Susan Mapp
  • David Androff Arizona State University
  • Jane McPherson School of Social Work, University of Georgia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18060/24971

Keywords:

human rights, social work education, justice, social work curriculum, rights-based approach

Abstract

Social work was a progressive profession at its founding, and social workers sought to transform people’s lives through wide-ranging reforms and work with individuals and communities. Over time, social work has evolved into a more conservative profession. Social workers have perpetuated oppressive policies, structures, and practices that marginalize vulnerable populations. This paper revisits the history of our profession and presents a human rights approach toward justice in social work practice and education that is more in line with its roots and the intentions of its founders. This renewed approach requires the participation of communities and the full inclusion of client voices, creating an atmosphere supportive of human rights, different curricular methods of delivering human rights and justice content, and new skill development in courses and fieldwork. This paper demonstrates how a rights-based approach bridges the divide between macro and micro practice and permeates all professional education and practice aspects. The paper shows how social work education can orient classroom and field curricula to promote human rights by emphasizing community-based practice frameworks and system-wide changes.

References

Abramovitz, M. (1998). Social work and social reform: an arena of struggle, Social Work, 43(6), 512-526. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/43.6.512

Abramovitz, M., & Sherraden, M. (2016). Case to cause: Back to the future. Journal of Social Work Education, 52(S1), S89-S98. https://doi.org/10.1080/10437797.2016.1174638

Addams, J. (1969). The objective value of social settlements. In J. Addams, R. A. Woods, J. O. S. Huntingdon, F. H. Giddings, & B. Bosanquet (Eds.), Philanthropy and social progress (pp. 27-56). McGrath Publishing. (Originally published 1893) https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39076005891267&view

Androff, D. (2016). Practicing rights: Human rights-based approaches to social work practice. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315885483

Androff, D., & McPherson, J. (2014). Can human rights-based social work practice bridge the micro/macro divide? In K. Libal, L. Healy, R. Thomas, & M. Berthold. (Eds.) Advancing human rights in social work education (pp. 23-40). Council on Social Work Education. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315885483

Association for Community Organization and Social Action [ACOSA]. (2021). Special commission: About the special commission. https://acosa.clubexpress.com/content.aspx?page_id=22&club_id=789392&module_id=335370

Banks, S., Tuggle, F., & Coleman, D. (2021). Standardization of human rights-based workforce induction curriculum for social work field supervisors. Journal of Human Rights and Social Work, 6, 4-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-020-00152-y

Barry, B. (1995). Justice and impartiality. Oxford University Press.

Bell, K., Moorhead, B., & Boetto, H. (2017). Social work students’ reflections on gender, social justice and human rights during a short-term study programme to India. International Social Work, 60(1), 32-44. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872814559559

Berthold, S. M. (2015). Human rights-based approaches to clinical social work practice. Springer.

Brantley, N.A., Nicolini, G., & Kirkhart, K. E. (2021). Unsettling human rights history in social work education: Seeing intersectionality. Journal of Human Rights and Social Work, 6(2), 98-107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-020-00138-w

Breton, M. 2006. Learning from social group work traditions. Social Work with Groups, 28(3/4), 107-119. https://doi.org/10.1300/J009v28n03_08

Bruno, F. J. (1957). Trends in social work, 1874-1956: A history based on the proceedings of the National Conference of Social Work. Columbia University Press.

Carlton-LaNey, I., & Hodges, V. (2004). African American reformers’ mission: Caring for our girls and women, Affilia, 19(3), 257-272. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886109904265853

Chapman, C., & Withers, A. J. (2019). A violent history of benevolence: Interlocking oppression in the moral economies of social working. University of Toronto Press.

Chen, H. Y., Tung, Y. T., & Tang, I. C. (2015). Teaching about human rights in a social work undergraduate curriculum: The Taiwan experience. British Journal of Social Work, 45(8), 2335-2350. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcu068

Chiarelli-Helminiak, C. M., Eggers, M., & Libal, K. R. (2018). The integration of human rights in US social work education: Insights from a qualitative study. Journal of Human Rights and Social Work, 3, 99-107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-018-0050-y

Council on Social Work Education [CSWE]. (2008). 2008 Educational policy and accreditation standards. https://www.cswe.org/Accreditation/Standards-and-Policies/2008-EPAS

CSWE. (2015). 2015 Educational policy and accreditation standards. https://www.cswe.org/Accreditation/Standards-and-Policies/2015-EPAS

CSWE. (2022). 2022 Educational policy and accreditation standards. https://www.cswe.org/accreditation/standards/2022-epas/

Foner, E. (2014). Reconstruction: America's unfinished revolution - 1863-1877. Harper Perennial Modern Classics.

Gammonley, D., Rotabi, K. S., Forte, J., & Martin, A. (2013). Beyond study abroad: A human rights delegation to teach policy advocacy. Journal of Social Work Education, 49(4), 619-634. http://doi.org/10.1080/10437797.2013.812508

Gatenio Gabel, S. (2016). Rights-based approaches to social policy. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24412-9

Gatenio Gabel, S., & Mapp, S. C. (2020). Teaching human rights and social justice in social work education. Journal of Social Work Education, 56(3), 428-441. https://doi.org/10.1080/10437797.2019.1656581

Gonzalez Benson, O., & Siciliano, A. (2021). A rights-based framework in global social work education and international development work: Insights from a global independent study in Tunisia. Journal of Human Rights and Social Work, 6(3), 183-192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-020-00158-6

Haeffele, F. S., & Storr, V. H. (2019). Is social justice a mirage? The Independent Review, 24(1), 145-154. https://www.independent.org/pdf/tir/tir_24_1_13_haeffele.pdf

Harty, J. S. (2020). Black contributions to mutual aid, social welfare, and social work history: Supplementary reading guide. https://www.prof2prof.com/user/3096/public-resources

Haynes, K. S. (1998). The one hundred-year debate: Social reform versus individual treatment. Social Work, 43(6), 501-509. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/43.6.501

Haynes, K., & Mickelson, J. S. (1992). Social work and the Reagan era: Challenges to the profession. The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 19(1), 169-183. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/jssw/vol19/iss1/1/

Human Rights Educators USA and University and College Consortium for Human Rights Education. (2018). Submission to the U.N. mid-term review of recommendations from the 22nd session of the universal periodic review (United States of America). https://hreusaorg.files.wordpress.com/2018/02/hreusa-and-ucchre-joint-upr-submission-united-states-february-2-2018.pdf

Kahn, P. W. (2000). Speaking law to power: Popular sovereignty, human rights, and the new international order. Yale Law School, 1(1), 1-19. http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/fss_papers/329

Karger, H., & Stoesz, D. (1993). American social welfare policy: A pluralist approach (3rd ed.). Allyn and Bacon.

Kelso, R. W. (1923). The transition from charities and correction to public welfare. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 105, 21-25. https://doi.org/10.1177/000271622310500106

Libal, K., & Harding, S. (2015). Human rights-based community practice in the United States. Springer.

Libal, K., Berthold, S. M., Thomas, R. L., & Healy, L. M. (Eds.). (2014). Advancing human rights in social work education. CSWE.

Lubove, R. (1965). The professional altruist: The emergence of social work as a career, 1880-1930. Harvard University Press.

Luker, R. E. (1984). Missions, institutional churches, and settlement houses: The Black experience, 1885-1910. The Journal of Negro History, 69(3/4), 101-113. http://www.jstor.com/stable/2717616

Mapp, S., McPherson, J., Androff, D., & Gatenio Gabel, S. (2019). Social work is a human rights profession. Social Work, 64(3), 259-269. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/swz023

Maschi, T. (2016). Applying a human rights approach to social work research and evaluation: A rights research manifesto. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2016.1253671

Mattocks, N. O. (2018). Social action among social work practitioners: Examining the micro-macro divide. Social Work, 63(1), 7-16. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/swx057

McDermott, C., Stafford, J. D., & Johnson, S.D. (2021). Racial equity as a human rights issue: Field agency practices and field instructors’ knowledge and attitudes. Journal of Human Rights and Social Work, 6, 14-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-020-00155-9

McLaughlin, H. Sadd, J., McKeever, B., & Duffy, J. (2016). Service user and carer involvement in social work education: Where are we now? Part 1. Social Work Education, 35(8), 863-865. https://doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2016.1253671

McPherson, J. (2015). Human rights practice in social work: A rights-based framework & two new measures (Accession Order No. AAT 3705877) [Doctoral dissertation]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses.

McPherson, J., & Libal, K. (2019). Human rights education in US social work: Is the mandate reaching the field? Journal of Human Rights, 18(3), 308-324. https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2019.1617119

National Association of Social Workers [NASW]. (2021a). Code of ethics. https://www.socialworkers.org/About/Ethics/Code-of-Ethics

NASW. (2021b). NASW social work pioneers. https://www.naswfoundation.org/Our-Work/NASW-Social-Work-Pioneers

Parker, L. (2003). A social justice model for clinical social work practice. Affilia, 18(3), 272-288. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886109903254586

Quzack, L. E., Picard, G., Metz, S. M., & Chiarelli-Helminiak, C. M. (2021). A social work education grounded in human rights. Journal of Human Rights and Social Work, 6(1), 32-40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-020-00159-5

Rawls, J. (1971). A theory of justice. Harvard University Press.

Reeser, L.C., & Epstein, I. (1990). Professionalization and activism in social work: The sixties, the eighties, and the future. Columbia University Press. https://doi.org/10.7312/rees92434

Reisch, M. (2002). Defining social justice in a socially unjust world. Families in Society, 83(4), 343-354. https://doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.17

Reisch, M., & Andrews, J. (2001). The road not taken: A history of radical social work in the United States. Routledge.

Reynaert, D., Dijkstra, P., Knevel, J., Hartman, J., Tirions, M., Geraghty, C., Gradener, J., Lochtenberg, M., & & van den Hoven, R. (2019). Human rights at the heart of the social work curriculum. Social Work Education, 38(1), 21-33. https://doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2018.1554033

Richards-Desai, S., Critelli, F., Logan-Greene, P., Borngraber, E., & Heagle, E. (2018). Creating a human rights culture in a master's in social work program. Journal of Human Rights and Social Work, 3, 169-178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-018-0059-2

Sen, A. (2009). The idea of justice. Harvard University Press.

Smith, D. S., Goins, A. M., & Savani, S. (2021). A look in the mirror: Unveiling human rights issues within social work education. Journal of Human Rights and Social Work, 6(1), 21-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-020-00157-7

Specht, H. (1991). Should training for private practice be a central component of social work education? No! Journal of Social Work Education, 279(2), 102-107. https://doi.org/10.1080/10437797.1991.10672177

Steen, J. (2018). Reconceptualizing social work behaviors from a human rights perspective. Journal of Social Work Education, 54(2), 212-226. https://doi.org/10.1080/10437797.2017.1404526

Steen, J. (2021). Human rights in field education: Key challenges and ways forward. Journal of Human Rights and Social Work, 6, 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-021-00163-3

Steen, J. (Ed.). (2021). Preparing social work students for human rights practice: Integrating human rights into field practica. Journal of Human Rights and Social Work, 6(1), 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-021-00163-3

Steen, J. A., Mann, M., & Gryglewicz, K. (2016). The human rights philosophy: Support and opposition among undergraduate social work students, Journal of Teaching in Social Work, 36(5), 446-459. https://doi.org/10.1080/08841233.2016.1234534

Swigonski, M. (2011). Claiming rights, righting wrongs: Educating students for human rights. Journal of Baccalaureate Social Work, 16(2), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.18084/basw.16.2.dp1ht167100h1819

Trattner, W. (1998). From poor law to welfare state: A history of social welfare in America (6th ed.). Free Press.

Twain, M. (2001). The gilded age: A tale of today (2nd ed.). Penguin Classics. (originally published 1873).

United Nations [U.N.]. (1948). Universal declaration of human rights. https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights

U.N. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2021). Status of ratification interactive dashboard 2021. https://indicators.ohchr.org/

Witt, H. (2020). Do US social work students view social work as a human rights profession? Levels of support for human rights statements among BSW and MSW students. Journal of Human Rights and Social Work, 5, 164-173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-020-00126-0

Downloads

Published

2022-11-08